[QUOTE=fable]...what exactly makes a good government? What should a good government do? What activities should it provide, and why? How would a good government fare in a real world?[/QUOTE]
I'm convinced that this is a trick question, fable.
It seems to me that just about every governmental model has merits - in the airy realm of the theoretical. In the scruffy realm of reality, however, all of them seem to fall short in some regard. Ethical and moral dilemmas abound in day to day life, and no one form of government can address them all to the satisfaction of all parties involved - that is, both the governors and the governed. The ideal government can only exist in the ideal world, and as of yet the ideal world has not been discovered.
Therefore, I can only answer with the following: What would make a government good is if it didn't exist. An existence of hunting and gathering in extended familial units was how we started, and what we should probably return to.
That aside, a good government in my opinion necessarily subordinates itself to the governed. The governed should possess the means to change it if and when they wish to peacefully, without bloodshed. A good government would limit itself, and abide by those limitations in all its activities. While a government must possess power and authority by necessity, this power would be curtailed by what I like to think of as "bureaucricide"...that is, preventative measures to stop the formation of powergroups in the governmental machine.
A good government would promote the education of the citizenry, the free dissemination of information with minimal censorship, and free enterprise by citizens. This government would be blind in effect, levying a tax to fund itself and the public works it is designed to create and maintain by taxing the consumption of the governed, not their incomes. Finally, this government would be prohibited from becoming involved in the private lives of it's citizens. Since morality is a very subjective issue, it is an issue best left to the discretion of the individual, not the rule of law.