Originally posted by Gruntboy:
Piracy? That's your value system. The crusades were about the crusaders value systems - booty and largesse.
Ooh, now we're talking. Did I ever mention my MA in Mediaeval History?
Dangerous generalisations, people. The early crusades were about, say, six things.
1. Religious Fervour - Jerusalem was in the hands of the Moslems. Sure it had been for a while, but rile up those knights and they do, when it comes down to it like a good fight. Don't under estimate this element. Peter the Hermit got thousands of people worked up for the Peoples Crusade. Of course, the First Crusade met the remnants of that wandering across Anatolia - most of them had been killed. Suspiciously, Peter the Hermit wasnt amongst them.
Also, don't forget that many great nobles were drawn to Crusade by the offer of
Plenary Indulgences, basically a forgiveness from the Pope for previous sins. Very useful if you're prone to a bit of medieval excess, but have the medieval belief in a Dantean Inferno.
2. Booty - With any fight comes loot. Knights need loot to survive. Horses don't come cheap!
3. Awe - The Westerners were approached by the Byzantine Empire for help. This was the remnants of the Roman Empire. 500 yrs on they still held it in a degree of awe.
4. Trade - More a factor in the later crusades, with the Italian City States encouraging this kind of activity for the sake of their profits.
5. Land - This was the key factor influencing the leaders of the First Crusade, without which the later ones wouldn't have happened. Great knights like Baldwin Le Bourg, Tancred de Hautville and his uncle (and de facto leader of the crusade) Bohemond wanted their own fiefdoms. Bohemonds family had been trying this in Sicily and against the Byzantine Empire for some years. Out in the middle east (Outremer) was lots of land with only 'heathen' owners. Go in, grab it and hey-presto!, you're a landowner.
6. Honour - What more reason does a valiant knight need, especially seeing as the golden age of Romantic Chivalry was fast approaching.
After the first crusade, Bohemond became Prince of Antioch and Baldwin le Bourg became King of Jerusalem. Now *that's* motivation.
Phil the History-geek