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Men bad for women's waistlines

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Fiona

Post by Fiona »

Heh, one does not need to believe everything one reads in the popular press
Heh, It was clear that I didn't
I'm sorry if I mistook the anecdotal evidence you presented for personal experience, however, personal experience and anecdotal evidence are equal in their insufficiency when it comes to examining determinant and associated factors of something. Hearsay, personal experience, reading some popular text, "common knowledge" or "common sense" can all give highly biased and skewly selected data. Controlled studies is the only way to analyse what is what.
Can't agree on the basis of this evidence. The first page of your post shows that obesity is bad for you. I can't say I'm amazed. The second page of your post shows that obesity is on the increase due to in increase in intake and a reduction in excercise. Again, I am not amazed. The third part of your article addresses this in terms of politics and economics. No special expertise there, then.

Controlled studies are important where the results conflict with "common sense", hearsay etc. Where they confirm it they are useful in excluding the possibility of counter intuitive phenomenon. That's all. I am also aware that what is studied is often determined precisely because of "common sense" perceptions of what might be important; and through questions which arise from hearsay and popular belief.
The BBC article is of course ridiculous since most of it is made up on a few lines from an otherwise very good review article about the increasing problem of obesity, one can really question why they choose to make something out of the "women gain weight in cohabitating relationships" when it's only a small part of the huge health problem obesity poses. However, this is popular media for you and that's the reason why I always say on this board that people should stop relying on scientific information they get from popular media and certainly not form any kind of opinion before taking part of the original information.
Well it's obvious why they did this. It's a news article and there is no other news in the study. I am fed up with the focus on women's bodies but I can't deny the public are interested in this aspect. As to telling people to sto relying on information in the popular press, what do you suggest they do? As you pointed out, scientific papers are not available. Should we form no opinion about anything until scientists tell us what we should think? No thanks. We can form opinions and if experts have information which will support or alter those opinions then bring it on. But I for one am not prepared to take everything and expert says is in a study on trust. I have seen some frankly laughable scientific studies so unless the argument can be made in a way that convinces me; or I can see the evidence for myself I reserve the right to have views based on what I can know.
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C Elegans
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Post by C Elegans »

Fiona wrote:Heh, It was clear that I didn't
No, you only bought into the "women's issue" view of the topic, not the content, which is remarkable considering the content (that women gain weight more than males in couple relationship) was correctly reported, but making a women's issue out of it was BBC's take.
Fiona] Can't agree on the basis of this evidence. The first page of your post shows that obesity is bad for you. I can't say I'm amazed. The second page of your post shows that obesity is on the increase due to in increase in intake and a reduction in excercise. Again wrote:
This I don't understand at all. It's a review article. It's not written with the purpose to amaze laymen. If you don't know what a review article is, please see below. I fail to see how your lack of amazement over this article connects to the question of the value of anecdotal evidence (hearsay, personal experience etc) and controlled studies respectively.

A note: I have no idea what you mean when you say "in terms of politics and economics". The health care system is certainly a medical and not only a political and economical issue. Or do you mean medical expertise and medical science is not part of the health care system?
Controlled studies are important where the results conflict with "common sense", hearsay etc. Where they confirm it they are useful in excluding the possibility of counter intuitive phenomenon. That's all.
So how will you know in advance whether a controlled study will result in what is already "common sense" or something that contradicts this? Besides, you seem to totally exclude the role of controlled studes for development and increase of knowledge. In this thread from last summer, you and I discussed your beliefs about scientists looking for a "the gay gene" and you critisised research in the life sciences (behaviour genetics particularly, I believe). I asked you for suggestions of how you think knowledge should be advanced, and this is question I find it relevant to repeat also in the present contex.
Fiona] I am also aware that what is studied is often determined precisely because of wrote:
In what fields? Not in my field at least. Do you have any examples of this from other fields?
Well it's obvious why they did this. It's a news article and there is no other news in the study.
Maybe news to you, but not news to people in field. There are no news at all in the Haslam & James article: it's a review. A review article is an article that sums up a field, in this case the field of obesity research. The purpose of reviews (which are usually invited from the editors of a scientific journal, not submitted by the scientists at their own initiative) is to present a field, sum up the conclusison of what is known and not, and suggest future direction. A review never contains any new data. It's the written form of a "Keynote Lecture".
Fiona]As to telling people to sto relying on information in the popular press wrote:
First, I don't think it's necessary that everybody has a lot of opinions about everything. I don't go around and have a lot of opinions about organic chemistry or computer linguistics, and I don't view this as a loss for either myself personally, humanity or the fields of organic chemistry and computer linguistics. Opinions about things we don't know anything about, are seldom useful for anything else than social conversation (and possibly they have a role in our feelings about ourselves, our identity and our self-image). On the contrary, misinformed opinion is one of the main culprits behind prejudice. Many people overestimate the value and validity of their personal opinions. Thus, they also cling to their opinions in an inflexible way despite the constantly moving and changing collection of facts and despite contradictory evidence. I sometimes hear people say that "there is so much information about everything" so they better form their own personal opinions. Well that's an easy way out, I don't think people who are too lazy to get facts when facts are available should expect that their opinions automatically are taken as valid or meaningful.

Almost everybody living in the rich Western can learn how to seek out information in a systematic way and to evalutate the quality of information. For instance, not all scientific studies are good. Some are outright bad and unscientific. However, they are rarely as poor as 99.9% of popular media. This anyone can learn how to distinguish. There are also basic issues such as what is a scientific question and not. Anyone that is not cognitively impaired can learn enough about this to develope an informed, valid opinion. You don't need to have access to full scientific articles in order to learn how to evalutate information. However, for interested people who want to form opinions about specific questions, abstracts from all life sciences in available in Pubmed, for everyone - something I have mentioned many times here and also linked to. Most of the high quality scientific journals have partly free archives and special articles that are free. And all university libraries have Institutional subscribtions of paper journals and/or online journals that can be accessed from their computers, usually also for non-students. So, a lot of information is accessible to anyone who cares to look for it. Thus I don't think the accessabiliy to necessary information is an issue, but rather the question why people who don't know anything about a topic have a need to hold an opinion about this topic.

Second, you and everybody else are of course free to form your opinions based on anything you like. People form opinions about all sorts of things based on religious books, political ideology, personal emotions, subjective experience, art, the Harry Potter novels or whatever, and it's part of a free society. However, it is also part of what makes people vulnerable for manipulation by skilled media, politicians and other ideological instruments, and it can result in a removal from reality and formations of opinions like "rape is mostly to blame on the victim" or "there was evidence that Iraq had WMD:s".

So, when choosing to form opinions based on popular media reports and/or anecdotal evidence, you must be aware of the value of such opinions. People who are not prepared to invest time and energy into searching facts, must also realise that their personal opinions are just that - personal opinion. "Knowledge" in the form of personal opinion has little value outside of the personal sphere of the individual who holds the opinions.

Well, to conclude, I don't think you and I will reach any sort of agreement in this subject. I remember from previous discussions regarding a study of partner preferences that you think laymen and scientists have equal competence to interpret scientific data. This is in my opinion and absurd claim that I heartily disagree with, and also a claim that has a profound effect on the question of what knowledge is how it should be evaluated.
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Post by Lestat »

Not that I want to interfere overly much in the discussion between you girls ( ;) ), but where I think Scientists go wrong is that they don't make enough effort to "convert" the results of research to laymen's terms, and are not proactive enough. As I said in another thread, about ID, they risk loosing the communications war (at least in that domain).

Finding comprehensible scientific studies, in the sense of understandable for the laymen is not that easy as you makes it out, CE. I just checked out this pubmed you talked about. Well, I have now learned that abstracts are among the most bizarre forms of literature I've ever read. And not at all impressive, in terms of informative value.
Example:

Between family and friends: a longitudinal study of friendship choice.

Pahl R, Pevalin DJ.

Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex.


The increasing role for chosen friends is a key element in current debates on individualization and the transformation of intimacy. This paper describes the changes in friendship choices over time and demonstrates how life events subsequently impact on those choices. We primarily distinguish between kin and non-kin nominations of friends and how these may be related to the social and economic turbulence inherent in late modernity. Analyses of data from ten years of the British Household Panel Survey showed that kin nominations still form a significant proportion of all friends but increasingly so with age and over time as people age. Life events, such as divorce or death of a partner, have large effects on the likelihood of changes in friendship choices as did gender, age, marital status and social class. We frame these results in a discussion of the saliency and nature of friendship at stages of the life course and conclude that the case for a general secular shift to choosing non-kin friendships rather than kin-based friendship is not demonstrated.


So they tell what they did... and this is one with relatively little lingo. But there is no indication on what they reach the conclusion. And it is badly written. You want to give up after the first phrase.

Also if I the articles you post are average examples of the scientific press, I'm not surprised that people tend to rely on what they read in the popular press. You can say, people should make an effort, but I think the scientific world could make a better effort to 'sell' their case. You say that not everyone has to have opinion on everything, but where it touches legislation & politics or social structures, opinions will be formed. And if scientists want to help form that opinion they'll have to come to the public on the public's terms, it is not the public that will come to science on the scientists' terms. Science might need to employ translators, people with scientific background, but who for one can write in terms that laymen understand. But yeah, no funds... :(
Of course not all the technical detail needs to be transferred, but there should be something between these "abstracts" and the full article, cleaned of lingo (or with lingo explained).
I know in my field that technical experts & consultants, when they make reports on their findings, something somewhat similar to scientific research, they have to make a summary that is understandable for laymen, because it will be laymen (as far as the specific field of expertise is concerned) that will decide on the funding, in the end. And they can come up with it. Agreed the parallel is not perfect. But a bit more effort (though you certainly do your best).
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Post by dragon wench »

Having spent quite a lot of time looking at obscure, badly written "free" abstracts I concur with Fiona and Lestat.

And this leads me to another issue.

Now, I recognise that not all academics share this view, but within academic communities there often exists a pervasive tendency to eschew writing for the "lay person." For a large number of academics, anything that might in the slightest indicate they are "popularising" their work is utter anathema.
Of course, much popularisation is nothing short of bunk, and it is unfortunately written by people who do not base their ideas on factual, hard data. So, I do have some sympathy for the dislike of popularisation (when it is by those who do not have expertise in the field they are writing about).

However:
1. So-called lay people are not stupid, and they actually have an interest in what scientists, historians, doctors of literature etc. etc. have to say.
2. As Lestat mentions, given the dearth of easily accessible, relatively jargon-free material I personally think the aforementioned group could do well to begin publishing works actually written for the non-expert
3. Scientists often say they are misunderstood. Perhaps they are. But, given their general unwillingness to make themselves understood, and their general condescending arrogance towards the "lay person" I think at least some of that misunderstanding is self-inflicted.
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Fiona

Post by Fiona »

C Elegans wrote:No, you only bought into the "women's issue" view of the topic, not the content, which is remarkable considering the content (that women gain weight more than males in couple relationship) was correctly reported, but making a women's issue out of it was BBC's take.
That's what we were discussing, so it seemed reasonable


This I don't understand at all. It's a review article. It's not written with the purpose to amaze laymen. If you don't know what a review article is, please see below.
Wish I was as clever as you, CE :D
I fail to see how your lack of amazement over this article connects to the question of the value of anecdotal evidence (hearsay, personal experience etc) and controlled studies respectively.
That's a shame
A note: I have no idea what you mean when you say "in terms of politics and economics". The health care system is certainly a medical and not only a political and economical issue. Or do you mean medical expertise and medical science is not part of the health care system?
Neither. That part of the article was entirely about politics. Medical expertise had nothing to do with it
So how will you know in advance whether a controlled study will result in what is already "common sense" or something that contradicts this?
I won't. That's why they are done, is it not? And that's how they increase knowledge, so I don't get the next part of your post either.*shrugs*
In what fields? Not in my field at least. Do you have any examples of this from other fields?
Now that is interesting. Can you explain what led the researchers to investigate whether women were more attracted to "more masculine" men if it wasn't related to what "lay people" think. When the evidence seemed to show they were not can you tell me why they went on to subdivide the group in the way they did? I don't say there are no other factors which lead to particular studies but I find it laughable to think that scientists are so far removed from the rest of us that they do not try to answer questions which interest a lot of people. Even if they were, don't they get funding from "lay people" Just a thought
Maybe news to you, but not news to people in field. There are no news at all in the Haslam & James article: it's a review. A review article is an article that sums up a field, in this case the field of obesity research. The purpose of reviews (which are usually invited from the editors of a scientific journal, not submitted by the scientists at their own initiative) is to present a field, sum up the conclusison of what is known and not, and suggest future direction. A review never contains any new data. It's the written form of a "Keynote Lecture".
Not news to me either. My grandmother used a smaller plate than my grandfather ( smart woman, my grandmother) I referred to new in the sense of "man bites dog"
First, I don't think it's necessary that everybody has a lot of opinions about everything. I don't go around and have a lot of opinions about organic chemistry or computer linguistics, and I do[n't view this as a loss for either myself personally, humanity or the fields of organic chemistry and computer linguistics.
I'll separate this because it is a conflation. What you say above is true, but in may opinion, trivial
Opinions about things we don't know anything about,are seldom useful for anything else than social conversation (and possibly they have a role in our feelings about ourselves, our identity and our self-image). On the contrary, misinformed opinion is one of the main culprits behind prejudice. Many people overestimate the value and validity of their personal opinions. Thus, they also cling to their opinions in an inflexible way despite the constantly moving and changing collection of facts and despite contradictory evidence. I sometimes hear people say that "there is so much information about everything" so they better form their own personal opinions. Well that's an easy way out, I don't think people who are too lazy to get facts when facts are available should expect that their opinions automatically are taken as valid or meaningful.
Nope. Can't agree. In the first place nobody "knows nothing about" obesity, relationships, health etc. Human beings can't help but form views about everyday life. We couldn't tie our shoe laces in the morning if we didn't make hypotheses about a lot of things on less than perfect knowledge. It does not matter where opinions come from. It matters how they are changed. "Many people"(hearsay?) may cling to their opinions in the way you say. "Many people" (personal experience?) also lay their opinions out where they can be seen precisely to learn by testing them in argument. Nothing wrong with that that I can see. BTW, isn't "I sometimes hear people say" an anecdote? Now I have no objection, but surely you....?

And I think that people who are too lazy to exchange ideas with other people because they assume they will learn nothing cannot expect that their opinions will automatically be taken as valid or meaningful
Almost everybody living in the rich Western can learn how to seek out information in a systematic way and to evalutate the quality of information. For instance, not all scientific studies are good. Some are outright bad and unscientific. However, they are rarely as poor as 99.9% of popular media. This anyone can learn how to distinguish. There are also basic issues such as what is a scientific question and not. Anyone that is not cognitively impaired can learn enough about this to develope an informed, valid opinion. You don't need to have access to full scientific articles in order to learn how to evalutate information. However, for interested people who want to form opinions about specific questions, abstracts from all life sciences in available in Pubmed, for everyone - something I have mentioned many times here and also linked to. Most of the high quality scientific journals have partly free archives and special articles that are free. And all university libraries have Institutional subscribtions of paper journals and/or online journals that can be accessed from their computers, usually also for non-students. So, a lot of information is accessible to anyone who cares to look for it. Thus I don't think the accessabiliy to necessary information is an issue, but rather the question why people who don't know anything about a topic have a need to hold an opinion about this topic.
Yes we can get some information. We get some from the media. for example This article was not available. Many are not. The media was the only access. It is perfectly valid to discuss what is in the media. Who knows, we might have decided it was nonsense and then you would be pleased (Oops we did; and you're not. Back to the drawing board) Must be that I'm cognitively impaired and that is why I have not learned what is a scientific question and what is not. Or is it possible I have considered your view of this and I disagree? No, thought not.

It may have escaped your notice but some of us don't get paid to read scientific articles which are available. We do what we can on our own time and under significant handicaps. If you can bring relevant facts and arguments to a discussion, that's great. But I'm sorry if I can't wait with baited breath till you choose to enlighten me about day to day issues. Seems a little elitist to me. And I often learn a lot from "lay people" who don't imply I'm impaired while they're at it. ( I know, you will now deny you said any such thing. We'll agree to differ about that, shall we)
Second, you and everybody else are of course free to form your opinions based on anything you like. People form opinions about all sorts of things based on religious books, political ideology, personal emotions, subjective experience, art, the Harry Potter novels or whatever, and it's part of a free society. However, it is also part of what makes people vulnerable for manipulation by skilled media, politicians and other ideological instruments, and it can result in a removal from reality and formations of opinions like "rape is mostly to blame on the victim" or "there was evidence that Iraq had WMD:s".
That's good of you

As I indicated above I think the exchange of opinions, which people hold whether they admit it or not, is our best safeguard against manipulation of the sort you describe. And I do not think scientists, insofar as they are a group with common interests, are free of the suspicion of manipulation themselves.

Well, to conclude, I don't think you and I will reach any sort of agreement in this subject. I remember from previous discussions regarding a study of partner preferences that you think laymen and scientists have equal competence to interpret scientific data. This is in my opinion and absurd claim that I heartily disagree with, and also a claim that has a profound effect on the question of what knowledge is how it should be evaluated.
As ever you rather misrepresent me. But you are right, we will not achieve any measure of agreement, so I will withdraw from further exchange on the same basis as you did last time ie if you can demonstrate any genuine interest in exchange rather than pedagoguy I might be prepared to put in some more effort. But not otherwise
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Post by C Elegans »

Lestat wrote:Not that I want to interfere overly much in the discussion between you girls ( ;) ), but where I think Scientists go wrong is that they don't make enough effort to "convert" the results of research to laymen's terms, and are not proactive enough. As I said in another thread, about ID, they risk loosing the communications war (at least in that domain).
Your post is welcome Lestat, maybe you can offer a "male oriented view" and maintain the gender balance? :D Seriously though, I well understand your concern. In fact, science has already lost the "information war" and there is currently much discussion what we should do about this. As I posted in the other thread,
Finding comprehensible scientific studies, in the sense of understandable for the laymen is not that easy as you makes it out, CE. I just checked out this pubmed you talked about.
Oh, I didn't mean accessible as in easy-to-read, contrary to Fiona I certainly think a considerable time and effort has to be spend on learning how to interpret scientific texts and scientific findings. I meant accessible in terms of availability, and if an interested layman is prepared to spend time and effort into learning to understand science, then it's no problem to find information. Books about how to read and write science can be found in any decent bookshop, and on the internet for free.
Well, I have now learned that abstracts are among the most bizarre forms of literature I've ever read. And not at all impressive, in terms of informative value.
DW] Having spent quite a lot of time looking at obscure wrote:
The abstract you found Lestat was a horrible one, and it comes from sociology which means it is less structured than is often the case in medical science. If you read more, you will find that your example is not a typical one. For instance, try entering a major disorder or disease in the search field and read 20-30 abstracts. That will give a more representative selection of the kind of information you can find. An abstract is a summary that should contain all the main points in the article. Normally, a standard abstract should include:
Background - previous research, hypothesis
Rationale for study - why do you do this study and what is your aim?
Method - the methods you have used to collect and analyse your data
Results - your findings
Conclusion - interpretation and meaning of your findings.

A typical abstract from a high quality journal looks like this:

Dopaminergic Abnormalities in Select Thalamic Nuclei in Schizophrenia: Involvement of the Intracellular Signal Integrating Proteins Calcyon and Spinophilin
Sarah M. Clinton, Ph.D., Hisham M. Ibrahim, M.D., Kirk A. Frey, M.D., Ph.D., Kenneth L. Davis, M.D., Vahram Haroutunian, Ph.D., and James H. Meador-Woodruff, M.D.

OBJECTIVE: While both thalamic abnormalities and dopaminergic dysregulation have been separately implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, little is known about the possible dysfunction of molecules associated with dopaminergic neurotransmission in the thalamus in this illness. In this study, the authors studied this question by measuring in postmortem brain the expression of molecules associated with dopaminergic neurotransmission. METHOD: Using in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography, the authors determined in schizophrenia and comparison subjects 1) thalamic expression of the transcripts encoding the five dopamine receptors; 2) binding to the dopamine D1, D2, and D3 receptors; 3) monoaminergic innervation as assessed by binding to the vesicular monoamine transporter; and 4) transcripts encoding three dopamine receptor-associated intracellular proteins (calcyon, spinophilin, and DARPP-32) that mediate integration of dopaminergic signaling with other neurotransmitter systems. RESULTS: Both calcyon and spinophilin transcripts were significantly elevated in schizophrenia subjects. Monoaminergic innervation, as well as dopamine receptor transcripts and binding sites, were unaffected in this illness. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that there are dopaminergic abnormalities in the thalamus in schizophrenia but that they are at the level of intracellular integration of dopamine signaling with other neurotransmitter systems, likely including glutamate, in thalamic neurons.
Also if I the articles you post are average examples of the scientific press, I'm not surprised that people tend to rely on what they read in the popular press. You can say, people should make an effort, but I think the scientific world could make a better effort to 'sell' their case. You say that not everyone has to have opinion on everything, but where it touches legislation & politics or social structures, opinions will be formed. And if scientists want to help form that opinion they'll have to come to the public on the public's terms, it is not the public that will come to science on the scientists' terms. Science might need to employ translators, people with scientific background, but who for one can write in terms that laymen understand. But yeah, no funds... :(
The quotes from scientific papers I usually post here, are not average examples, they are easier to understand and less technical (that's often why I select them) and besides, I remove the method parts and other technical stuff. Scientific articles are not written for laymen, they are (with a couple of exceptions) our form to communicate with other scientists. The reason I recommend people to go to original data is not because it's meant for laymen people, it's because of lack of other reliable media. There are a couple of reliable popular science magazines around, New Scientist is good and Scientific American used to be good (recently they changed production structure and ceased to let the scientists themselves write the articles. Instead, they now have journalists writing the articles, which, according to us scientists, have lowered the quality significantly but sadly - risen the number of sold copies even more significantly). Apart from this there is also textbooks, any interested person could contact the next university and get a list of what textbooks are used for basic courses in the field they are interested in. However, I actually think it's more time-efficient to learn how to read abstracts, that to read textbooks.

As I wrote in previous threads (among them one of the threads I linked to above), it is obvious that several of you non-scientists overestimate the power scientists have over media. Let me illustrate this with some examples:

1. Contact with media. My university (as most) has a press department that sends out short communications to the mass media every week. These communications are then re-written by the journalists at the major newspapers and news broadcasters. They are available in original form at the universities website, but how many people go there compared to how many people read the daily paper? There are so many horrible examples of media re-interpretation of scientists' findings, so many are reluctant to speak directly to popular media. It's a vicious circle. Every time I see the media interpretation of my own and my colleagues findings, I shiver and wish I never spoke to them. On the other hand, they are my only channel to the general public. You wouldn't believe if I described in detail how horrible TV-shows I've been asked to participate in. There is always the polarisation take, that they want me to debate somebody with a completely opposite viewpoint in a loaded question. Like "Hi, I'm calling from TV-channel so and so, we have heard that you do research on animals. Now, we have this talkshow where we'd like you to meet this guy from Militant Animal Right's Organisation, who freed 100 rats from a lab last week and thinks all hospitals should be closed down and medical research totally prohibited." I think even DW and Fiona understands why I can't do this kind of things, why it would not help at all if I did. If you suggest yourself that this is not a fair picture and that you'd like to come to their talkshow but be allowed to explain more about your actual findings and the meaning of them, the reply is "well...sound very interesting...but it doesn't really fit the program idea..."

2. Education. My university recently organised a series of lectures in neuroscience. The general public was invited (it was free) and prominent reseachers worldwide were invited to hold popular lectures. I went to a couple of those lectures. At both occations, 90% of the audience were people I knew - namely my colleages, scientists from my own field. Same thing with the Nobel lectures that are held each year. The are meant for the general public, announced loudly in the press and free - but it's usually just crammed with other scientists.

3. Popular writing. Some scientists write popular books. Some of these books are excellent, like Damasio's books about brain functioning and consciousness or Stephen Hawking's books about cosmology. Most is however complete crap and drown in the enormous amount of pseudoscience. The general public cannot assess which books have high quality, and a book called "10 ways to get smarter" written by some ignorant journalist will always sell much more than a high quality about how cognitive functions work.

So do you have any suggestions what do to? We don't have a sexy and immediate message to sell. The aim of medical science is not to entertain, but to find cures for disease. If you have any feasible suggestions what we should do, I'd be grateful.
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Post by C Elegans »

DW] Now wrote:
This attitude I have personally never encountered in the natural sciences or the behavioural sciences. What do you base your opinion on?

I know from explicit statements that some Swedish art's researchers put an honour into "not being useful" and "not being popular", but in my own field there is a lively although slightly pessimistic discussion about what to do in order to reach out to a public throught the media filter.
1. So-called lay people are not stupid, and they actually have an interest in what scientists, historians, doctors of literature etc. etc. have to say.
Stupidity is irrelevant to the issue in my opinion. As I stated above in my post to Fiona, I am convinced that anyone who does not have a cognitive impairment (I am talking about disorder here, like retardation, severe dyslexia, severe memory disorder etc) could learn how to understand and evalute scientific information providing they put some time and effort in this.

Many lay people (for instance at this board) are seriously interested in science and also highly receptive for scientific information although they are not educated in the field. However, there is also a group of people who believe they are interested in science but are in fact only interested in superficial, extraordinary phenomena (I have read some sci-fi about time travelling, so I'm interested in astrophysics), or people who are only interested in science as long as they can overinterpret it as supporting their own ideologies. Then there is of course a large group of people who are not interested in science. Those people usually do no claim they are either, nor do they hold a lot of personal opinions about scientific issues.
2. As Lestat mentions, given the dearth of easily accessible, relatively jargon-free material I personally think the aforementioned group could do well to begin publishing works actually written for the non-expert
Already done, as I described in my post to Lestat. What more could be done? Suggestions welcome.
3. Scientists often say they are misunderstood. Perhaps they are. But, given their general unwillingness to make themselves understood, and their general condescending arrogance towards the "lay person" I think at least some of that misunderstanding is self-inflicted.
I disagree that scientists are generally more arrogant than laymen. On the contrary, I think it is amazingly arrogant when ignorant and uneducated people claim that they understand the scientific issues as well as, or better than, the experts. The anti-intellectual notion that personal experience and anecdotal evidence (that suits you because it's in line with your religion or ideology) is as valid as controlled studies of thousands of patients, and more valid than the collected knowledge from thousands of professionals performing research over hundreds of years -that's a narcissistic arrogance I've never seen the like of among scientists.
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Post by dragon wench »

I'm not rising to your bait CE.

However, I find your response to my last point quite interesting. I did not say anywhere that the "lay person" can claim understanding to a particular issue better than a scientist. Do not twist my words.
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Post by C Elegans »

@Fiona: I think it is best if you and I avoid this kind of discussion in the future, since aparting from disagreeing, I also see that you have started to repeatedly use sarcasm as well as strawmen, and also avoid some of my core questions, which in my opinion is a highly unconstructive way to discuss. I will comment on some of your main points for the sake of clarity for other potential readers, but I do not expect you to reply (although you are of course welcome to do so if you are inclined).
Fiona wrote: Now that is interesting. Can you explain what led the researchers to investigate whether women were more attracted to "more masculine" men if it wasn't related to what "lay people" think. When the evidence seemed to show they were not can you tell me why they went on to subdivide the group in the way they did? I don't say there are no other factors which lead to particular studies but I find it laughable to think that scientists are so far removed from the rest of us that they do not try to answer questions which interest a lot of people. Even if they were, don't they get funding from "lay people" Just a thought
Frankly I think that our discussion of this particular study is a perfect example of why I think an education (self-taught or formal doesn't matter) is necessary for most people in order to interprete scientific findings correctly. Your assumptions regarding this have been very far-fetched and incorrect at several occations.

The face-study was not conducted in order to investigate whether women were attracted to more masculine faces. That sounds much like a popular media simplification. The aim of the study was to investigate the whether hormonal characteristics that are associated with high immunocompetence, is sexually selected for in humans (as it is in several other species).

Is your question regarding group division rhethorical? You have read the full article, so according to your own opinion, you should be able to interpret data as well as I.

Scientist are not further "removed" from laymen, than laymen is from scientists, the distance is equal in both directions. The aim of medical science is to cure disease, an aim that many laymen agree with. Politicians have a lot of influence on funding of research, and people have some influence on politicians, but that does not mean the reasoning and thinking and general opinion of the public has an influence on the scientific process. And no, we are not funded by laymen, we are funded by national and international scientific councils where independed experts assess your research programs. It's tax payer's money, but they don't have a say in what projects receive how much money.
What you say above is true, but in may opinion, trivial
If you concur that it's not necessary or even fruitful for everyone to have an opinion about anything, why do you then defend ignorant and unedcuated people's right to have opinions about scientific findings and that their opinions should viewed as equally valid or valuable?

Nope. Can't agree. In the first place nobody "knows nothing about" obesity, relationships, health etc. Human beings can't help but form views about everyday life. We couldn't tie our shoe laces in the morning if we didn't make hypotheses about a lot of things on less than perfect knowledge. It does not matter where opinions come from. It matters how they are changed. "Many people"(hearsay?) may cling to their opinions in the way you say. "Many people" (personal experience?) also lay their opinions out where they can be seen precisely to learn by testing them in argument. Nothing wrong with that that I can see. BTW, isn't "I sometimes hear people say" an anecdote? Now I have no objection, but surely you....?
Now you are confusing things here. First, opinion and knowledge is not the same. Everybody has an opinion about toothache but that doesn't mean everybody has any knowledge about teeth or pain mechanisism.

I see that all my efforts to explain my stance on the difference between having opinions on scientific findings and having personal opinions of things, have gone unread from you. Of course "I sometime hear people say" is anecdotal, it's meant to anecdotal, it is not a scientific statement. "Many people" on the other hand, is from studies in social psychology. I won't bother to post references since you are probably not going to reply to this, but I can recommend a very good basic textbook in social psychology called "The Social Animal" by Aronsson. Among other things, this books explains how prejudice, overgeneralisation and manipulation can happen, and it it full of references to experimental studies.
And I think that people who are too lazy to exchange ideas with other people because they assume they will learn nothing cannot expect that their opinions will automatically be taken as valid or meaningful
You obviously make no difference between exchange of ideas as a social conversation (as we do on this board) and exchange of ideas as part of a professional, structured means to forward knowledge. To me, the difference is eons. I find social conversations nice and fun, but I am sorry to say I do not think you can contribute much to my scientific creativity. For that I need people who are educated in science. You seemed to have missed that the whole point with my critisism is that laymen/non-experts generally have too little knowledge about a field (that's the definition of a laymen) to hold valid opinions about that field especially when they don't even try to read up with the basics but believe it's enough just to sit at home and think a little. I know you do not agree with this, but please try to read my meaning correctly.
It is perfectly valid to discuss what is in the media.
Yes, but not from a scientific perspective if you have not taken part of the scientific data. In this thread, as in previous threads, you have drawn conclusions and expressed opinions about scientific findings. In this thread, DW asked for "further information" in the opening post. Do you suggest she meant that only further information from The Sun and News of the World was allowed? It's one thing to discuss the content of a media article, it's another thing to state "I don't believe in the data".
It may have escaped your notice but some of us don't get paid to read scientific articles which are available. We do what we can on our own time and under significant handicaps.
Our choosen professions are our choices. If you are so interested in science so you wish to form all your opinions based on facts and even be part of the fact-finding procedure, and as a consequence, also want your informed opinions to make a difference, perhaps you should have considered becoming a scientist too. If you couldn't become a scientist for some reasons but are still highly interested in forming opinions about science, you could have choosen to learn some basics about how to find scientific information and how to evaluate it.
if you can demonstrate any genuine interest in exchange rather than pedagoguy I might be prepared to put in some more effort. But not otherwise
What is pedagoguy? In any case, I think it's fine if you wish to withdraw here and I also think it's fine if you wish to continue. I enjoy social conversations of this type, but as I stated above, I don't discuss with people on Gamebanshee to get a useful scientific exchange. If you do a search of my posts you would find that a large amount of my posts are discussions with people who hold opposite views to me. Fundamentalist religious people, American neocons and Bush-supporters, ultra libertarians, mysticists, anti-intellectuals...in short, people I would never encounter in real life :D That's the whole point of it for me. :)

EDIT: Oh, I forgot: You claim that I misrepresent your views, so I better quote from one of your previous post (which is in one of the threads I linked to):
Fiona]I did not say that layman have the same right to claim expertise on scientific findings and this is another fallacy; that of the straw man. I did say that that [i]they are equally competent to interpret the data once they have it[/i]. We will have to agree to disagree about this wrote:
my italics.

Also, I really wish you did not read in a lot of things that I have not said. Your accusations that I meant you were cognitively impaired is an ad hominen taken from thin air. My English is certainly not as good as yours, but I do think we should be able to agree that the sentence "Anyone that is not cognitively impaired can learn enough about this to develope an informed, valid opinion." means just that (that anyone who does not have a cognitive impairment, ie a handicap can learn this) and not "you are cognitively impaired". If you try to read my words plainly as what they mean in English, without adding your own subjective beliefs about what I may mean that I have not written, I think our communication would improve significantly. If you have any personal problems with my opinions, please take it to PM:s.
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Post by C Elegans »

[QUOTE=dragon wench]I'm not rising to your bait CE.[/QUOTE]

? What do you mean with this? What bait? Do not start to read in a lot of stuff in my texts that are not there. If you wish to leave the discussion it's your choice, but please explain your statement above.
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Post by dragon wench »

Actually, I wasn't reading much of anything in your "texts" CE.
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Post by C Elegans »

Well, I don't understand what you mean, and if you didn't read my posts (texts = posts in case you did not understand this) I understand even less what you referred to. In any case, if you wish a reply from me, please state what you wish me to repond to. If you wish to state that you think I am "baiting" you in some way I'd appreciate if you could clarify what is behind this statement since, if I understand you correctly, you are implying that I am trying to fool you in some way. That seems like a serious accusation.

[quote="DW]
However"]

If you read the last paragraph again you will see that I did not say you have said that. I know you haven't. Other people on this board have, at several occations. So I used it as an example to illustrate my point: that I do not think scientists are more arrogant than lay people.

Do not take everything I write as personally directed to your person and your precise statements. I take it we were discussing "scientists" and "laymen" since that was the words we used - two large groups of people, not you and me. If you feel a need to bring this down to a personal level, please take it to PM:s.
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Post by Hill-Shatar »

As much as I love reading through threads that evolve like this, I can say with all honesty that I must disagree (to all mods... sorry for going off topic, but this debate appears to have 'evolved') with your evaluation of general arrogance in the scientific community.

However, some of the posts here seem to make perfect use of the term anti-process.

People here do not regularly use PubMed. They do not have access to texts written by experts, nor do they have access to journals. They do not work in labs daily, they do not have experiments that end at two in the morning, they do not have meetings and seminars... they are not always emersed in science, as you and I are. They do not have a constant flood of information popping at you every second.

Writing this, I have decided that perhaps it would be wise to say 'No Offense', in case my opinions are deemed attacks on another person.

Yes, I have met many people who do not have degrees in microbiology or immunology try to tell me what I know or do not know, or how to do my job. I have also had perfectly capable and qualified men and woman tell me how to do my job incorrectly. In some cases, you can not rely on simple things such as diplomas to understand simple conversations due to social lives. We are a product of our genes... they only have a small part in who we are as a person. Life choices, how we live... they are different from person to person, as we are all unique.

People can be arrogant, yes, but scientists are not a different breed. We may have affinities for certain things that people who are not trained in the sciences do not... under the same principal, I have skills you do not have, CE (as an example for everyone) and vice versa. Does this make me better? No. However, if you spent time in other countries, conversing with scientists around the world, you will often get smacked by people trying to slam points home, and believing that they know better than others. Whether or not that is true in Sweden, in whichever lab you belong to, is not of consequence. You belong to one lab among hundreds of thousands. You have been to seminars, and the like, and have probably met one or two people who were a royal pain in the butt, but these people are also the best of the best, bright of the bright... in most cases, anyways, and are at least an expert on that field. Speaking to other people has lead me to believe that this happens quite often. A pity, but nonetheless, in many cases (not all, but many) painfully true. No job is without its arrogant counterparts, science in general not among them. None of this was directed specifically at you CE, it was an attempt to get my own point across.

Anyways, I find the amount of arrogance I am faced with daily somewhat disappointing. :(

Anyways, people here may have noticed my use of shorter words than CE. I might as well explain why: I restrict myself to use words along the basis that people here will not understand what I say. I shorten broad and massive amounts of data into a few, condensed sentences, and if someone finds a loophole in my reasoning, then I will go back, find my mistake, and fix it. Originally my bad typing was due to a damaged keyboard in the lab, but that stopped around two months ago.

Under that same logic, a lot of what we read is different then what others read, CE. Rarely will Ogliodendrytes make it's way into classic novels or archaeological texts. 'Laymen', as people here wish to call themselves, can be bright, efficient people in their fields- but are total buffoons in some other areas of interest to people here. Likewise, you and I will not know process', dates, terms, and the like used in those fields. We rely on others and references such as university sites or Wikipedia to help us understand these terms.

These dummied-down versions that you use are no better, as they still have to be used in some way for people in professions from said source, correct?

To be more to the point, I think you are a little overzealous in your posting of papers and the like before posting them. The terms may be gone. The ideology is still the same behind it. It is still obscured, but now people can see how it is obscured.

On the other hand, if you don't understand what is being posted, ask. No one will look down on you, rather tons of people here who do not understand some stuff being posted (Lord knows if I see a thread which people are posting paragraphs I have to drag down the page to read, then I will completely ignore the future of that topic :) ).
The face-study was not conducted in order to investigate whether women were attracted to more masculine faces. That sounds much like a popular media simplification. The aim of the study was to investigate the whether hormonal characteristics that are associated with high immunocompetence, is sexually selected for in humans (as it is in several other species).
People here do not know what immunocompetence is. If you want people to be interested, one rule of the internet is to make people able to understand it without cracking open the dictionary wherever possible. ;)

BTW, immunocompetence: Immunocompetence is the ability of the body to produce a normal immune response (i.e., antibody production and/or cell-mediated immunity) following exposure to an antigen. -Wikipedia, so you can see those links if you want to, but I think most would understand this.

Remember that I am here to enjoy myself. I spent the last two hours reading information that, to say the least, was somewhat...boring.
Now you are confusing things here. First, opinion and knowledge is not the same. Everybody has an opinion about toothache but that doesn't mean everybody has any knowledge about teeth or pain mechanisism.
Obesity is not a toothache, CE... it is much, much more complicated. Lifestyle choices may lead to a toothache, but that toothache is easily understood and we know why it happened. A characteristic it does not share with a toothache.
Frankly I think that our discussion of this particular study is a perfect example of why I think an education (self-taught or formal doesn't matter) is necessary for most people in order to interpret scientific findings correctly. Your assumptions regarding this have been very far-fetched and incorrect at several occasions.
Research helps. Duh. :D

However, how long do you think it would take someone to educate themselves on that specific topic? Sometimes, educating yourself on the topic does not help as much as many think. Research is something that you should do, but should be complemented by posts in this article.

I have to admit that I have not read the majority of this thread... so if I missed something, please tell me. :)
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Post by Brynn »

Anybody who read that, raise your hands....
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Post by Dottie »

[QUOTE=Hill-Shatar]People here do not know what immunocompetence is. If you want people to be interested, one rule of the internet is to make people able to understand it without cracking open the dictionary wherever possible. ;)

-snip-

I have to admit that I have not read the majority of this thread... so if I missed something, please tell me. :) [/QUOTE]

You missed that she explained what immunocompetence is in her original post, among other things.

Personally I find CE's post very readable, and thats without even a college degree.

I think that generally people here seem to put far more effort into demanding clear communication from scientists than they put effort into understanding and educating themselves. Scientist is a profession among many others, I can't really understand why it is perfectly acceptable to blame the profession for your lack of knowledge when you wouldn't dream about doing it in other cases. If I don't know anything about house building, and car construction or sewing or cooking I don't start to complain about how all engineers and tailors and cooks don't volunteer information that is effortlessly digestible. The lack of such information doesn't make me create an opinion about how they do their job on a totally invalid basis either.
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Post by C Elegans »

Hill-Shatar wrote:I have to admit that I have not read the majority of this thread... so if I missed something, please tell me. :)
Hill, I'd recommend you to read the whole thread, and also the threads I linked to, in order to get a picture of the topics for this discussion.
People here do not regularly use PubMed. They do not have access to texts written by experts, nor do they have access to journals. They do not work in labs daily, they do not have experiments that end at two in the morning, they do not have meetings and seminars... they are not always emersed in science, as you and I are. They do not have a constant flood of information popping at you every second.
<snip>
Under that same logic, a lot of what we read is different then what others read, CE. Rarely will Ogliodendrytes make it's way into classic novels or archaeological texts.
Precisely. And this is the reason why I critisise the idea that "laymen and experts are equally competent in interpreting scientific data". When you don't even know what the word oligodendrite means, how can you then claim to be qualified to judge and interpret oligodedrite-data as well as a microbiologist or neuroscientist?
To be more to the point, I think you are a little overzealous in your posting of papers and the like before posting them.
Maybe so, but when people read popular media and make judgements such as "this science should not have been done", "this science is a lie", "the researchers should have done that and that", based on incorrect or heavily biased popular information, I want to provide these people with the source data so they can judge the actual science instead of judging science based on what a newspaper or website have written. If people want to assess science, they should assess the science and not the media reports.
Obesity is not a toothache, CE... it is much, much more complicated. Lifestyle choices may lead to a toothache, but that toothache is easily understood and we know why it happened. A characteristic it does not share with a toothache.
Obesity and toothache are different, but both can serve to illustrate the point of the difference between anecdotal evidence and controlled experiments. It's simply two different levels of "knowledge". I can use another example to illustrate the same thing: everybody experiences gravity. Everybody has dropped something on the ground and seen the effects of gravity. Does this mean this "knowledge" is useful in a scientific perspective? Does this mean everyone is qualified to evaluate and interpret physics scientific data. Obviously not, in my opinion.

Anecdotal evidence and personal experience are very limited and highly insecure use for knowledge that is aimed to be genereally applicable. For that, human beings are far too different. One person may be obese for completely different reasons than another. Thus, your personal and anecdotal evidence does not assure that we can distinguish between mechanisms that are relevant for obesity in general, and mechanisms that are unique to that individual and his/her context. So, my point is simply that whereas anecdotal evidence and personal experience may provide nice and interesting conversation, they cannot fill the function of knowledge gained from controlled studies and it is irrelevant as refutal of scientific evidencce. The aim of medical science is to find cures for diseases, not to entertain, and thus I find anecdotal evidence irrelevant to scientific questions, although I of course enjoy social discussions including all sorts of personal and anecdotal stuff.

The problem as I see it, is when people confuse the two. Scientific studies can be critisised in many ways. Scientific conclusions and scientific knowledge can and should be questioned and tested. But "I don't believe in this science because I know somebody who was different from what they say in the study/the bible says otherwise/it does not fit my ideology/I think it's immoral" is not valid critisism from a scientific point, especially not so when the statements are based on information taken from popular media.

Let me take some clear examples:

1. Evolution has not happened. Evidence: Because if humans evolved from apes, why do they both exist now? And if you see a Boeing 767, is it more likely it has been constructed by a designer, or more likely that it was randomly put together by a tornado going through a junk yard?
2. Global warming has not occurred. Evidence: they had no thermometers back in the 14th century. And in November 1901 it was 33 degrees here, in November 2004 it was only 27 degrees.
3. Public funding of certain life sciences should stop because scientists are looking for a gay gene and that's immoral. Evidence: I read a popular book and some websites were I found mentionings of the word "gay gene".
4. Women want to be protected, men wants to protect. Evidence: among my friends it is so.

Do you see why I think it is important to make a principal distinction between founded and unfounded "knowledge", and between valid and invalid arguments?
However, how long do you think it would take someone to educate themselves on that specific topic? Sometimes, educating yourself on the topic does not help as much as many think. Research is something that you should do, but should be complemented by posts in this article.
Educating yourself in a scientific discipline takes many years. Educating yourself enough to assess the quality of information and read scientific with a decent understanding, takes much shorter time. Obviously it will depend very much on how motivated the person is and how much time s/he is prepared to invest, but if we take the average SYM:er who claims interest in scientific questions, it would probably take a few weeks or at the most a couple of months if the person spends as much time and energy on learning as s/he does on reading my posts, getting annoyed, and replying ;)
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Post by Hill-Shatar »

You missed that she explained what immunocompetence is in her original post, among other things.
I am sure you know how to search a page for words. I just did so and received only those posted that either I or yourself posted. I could not find it in any link placed on the page. That was not my point, it was an example, as I was trying to show that some words do require a simple definition in brackets, would greatly increase the readability of sources CE uses. :)

I may have missed where she gave the definitions, but it was an example. I was not pointing out an error, it was the first word I found. No offense to either of you.
Personally I find CE's post very readable, and thats without even a college degree.
It is readable for myself, incredibly readable. Yourself as well. Unfortunately, some people here do not understand some of the points she is pushing forward. Long paragraphs do not make for easy reading, simply because many people here do not have the drive to read all the posts, if each post is over 9000 characters. I simply have not read the thread as I did not have the time. It is the one reason why I only posted 4 times last night, even though there were questions that I may have been able to answer. Even reading how this thread has evolved has taken me longer than it would have taken me to read a good part of a pub thread. I don't have the time. Neither do a lot of people.

In regards to the rest of your post, Dottie, even a simple clarification can make huge leaps in understanding in this thread. I understand it, you understand it, so many people here can understand it. Some parts integral o the understanding of all are obscure. That is the problem, in my opinion, for some people here. :)
Hill, I'd recommend you to read the whole thread, and also the threads I linked to, in order to get a picture of the topics for this discussion.
Most people have jobs. As I have mentioned, this took me almost all of my time last night to post in. Anyways, I mentioned that I thought this topic was evolving from it's original purpose. Readability of scientific texts for actual use is something I find very interesting, considering the ties it has to the original topic.
Precisely. And this is the reason why I criticize the idea that "laymen and experts are equally competent in interpreting scientific data". When you don't even know what the word oligodendrite means, how can you then claim to be qualified to judge and interpret oligodedrite-data as well as a microbiologist or neuroscientist?
Damn. I knew I had at least one spelling error somewhere... we both spelled it wrong. Oligodendrocyte. :rolleyes: At least, that's the word I was going for...

This thread isn't on that topic anyways, and it will never pop up. Obesity has many niches including social intricacies which, as far to my knowledge are random and unmapped. It may have some basis in fact, but it would be useful if everyone could understand it immediately instead of just reading terms they do not understand, and must use a dictionary to translate.

All I am asking is that you take some work, cite it, post it, take some of the big words and add a little sentence in brackets, that's all, CE. It is something you do anyways, if you are writing an email involving work, am I right?
Anecdotal evidence and personal experience are very limited and highly insecure use for knowledge that is aimed to be generally applicable. For that, human beings are far too different. One person may be obese for completely different reasons than another. Thus, your personal and anecdotal evidence does not assure that we can distinguish between mechanisms that are relevant for obesity in general, and mechanisms that are unique to that individual and his/her context. So, my point is simply that whereas anecdotal evidence and personal experience may provide nice and interesting conversation, they cannot fill the function of knowledge gained from controlled studies and it is irrelevant as refusal of scientific evidence. The aim of medical science is to find cures for diseases, not to entertain, and thus I find anecdotal evidence irrelevant to scientific questions, although I of course enjoy social discussions including all sorts of personal and anecdotal stuff.
Yes, but many people get toothaches. This was an example that I decided to tear on, so I am sorry, but as I said many people get them, and often in the same way- either you have bad hygiene or you have a problem with your mouth that is easily fixed. Obesity is a much wider topic, with many facets and variables. Toothaches are much simpler. ;)
The problem as I see it, is when people confuse the two. Scientific studies can be criticized in many ways. Scientific conclusions and scientific knowledge can and should be questioned and tested. But "I don't believe in this science because I know somebody who was different from what they say in the study/the bible says otherwise/it does not fit my ideology/I think it's immoral" is not valid criticism from a scientific point, especially not so when the statements are based on information taken from popular media.
I agree. Some statements are still open to interpretation. The point that some people say they have gained weight, while others say, along myself, that they have lost it, say that there is room for debate. Am I right?
Educating yourself in a scientific discipline takes many years. Educating yourself enough to assess the quality of information and read scientific with a decent understanding, takes much shorter time. Obviously it will depend very much on how motivated the person is and how much time s/he is prepared to invest, but if we take the average SYM:er who claims interest in scientific questions, it would probably take a few weeks or at the most a couple of months if the person spends as much time and energy on learning as s/he does on reading my posts, getting annoyed, and replying ;)
Nematode! Of course I have fun reading your annoying and long winded posts! ;) :p

Seriously, I enjoy reading all posts in theads like these, even if I rarely post in them. :)

Still, to educate yourself for a small thread like this is hardly exciting, nor worth it. These people are trying to reach a common ground on what they know to be true, to compile there thoughts and see if the original post was indeed true or not. They decided that it is not all true, and spam ensued.

Reading up to debate something that they thought they had finished on, which really only changes one or two thoughts in what they were discussing, is hardly interesting to them, unless they have the chance to learn something. Using scientific lingo can lead to difficulties in them learning and being able not only to debate, but to answer questions, and above all else, to learn. Then we have made headway. Then they can debate points of interest from those articles that appear open to interpretation, however small they may be.

I take no claims to being able to tell what happens... this is merely one course that this thread could take. Reading through scientific papers is not going to help overmuch if it will take them two or three weeks to learn some of the terms and how they work on us, now is it? :D I teach university students, you teach graduates, so we both have no idea how to teach someone who did not at least start taking the prerequisites for the topics we are in. We know how to teach students using wording far beyond what we use on here.

Brynn (an example) would teach students with terms I would not be able to understand. I will not give a month of my time to a thread that may or may not be on the first five pages a month later. However, if she can teach me even the most basic, just adding some small brackets to what they mean, then I may be able to interpret the rest into something I understand in less than three days, as that topic will most likely be a small part of her job. ;)
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Post by C Elegans »

Hill-Shatar wrote: Damn. I knew I had at least one spelling error somewhere... we both spelled it wrong. Oligodendrocyte. :rolleyes: At least, that's the word I was going for...
LOL :D It's not a word any of us use everyday I guess. I only do neurons. :D
Hill] All I am asking is that you take some work wrote:
Like you mentioned above, people have jobs and that includes me. I post at Gamebanshee because I enjoy discussion. It takes time to write posts although I type very fast (too fast for my own good as you have certainly seen many times in all my errors). It takes time to find references and to explain basic concepts like I have done in many threads. I understand your request, but I am not willing to spend time writing little explanations for people in the middle of scientific papers. That would take more time than the rest of the post. I don't write explanations of things to my colleagues, so I can't use material I have already written.

My take is simply: if people ask for scientific material, I can provide it. If I want to demonstrate there is evidence for something, I post it and people can read it if they wish. Nobody is forced to read my posts, they are meant for those who are interested. Fas for instance was interested in this thread. Thus I replied, with explanations and quotes from the article.

I don't read the spam and pub threads. As much as I like social chitchat, I don't have time for that here at SYM. It is a choice, it's the priority I have made. Thus, I don't request that other people write explaining summaries for me of what has happened in the bar threads. Also, I do not claim to know what is going on in them, or evaluate what people are doing there. To me it is very simple: if you are interested in something and give it priority, fine. If you are not: fine, don't spend time on it, but don't claim knowledge about it either if you don't have time to put an effort in it.
I agree. Some statements are still open to interpretation. The point that some people say they have gained weight, while others say, along myself, that they have lost it, say that there is room for debate. Am I right?
Right. Self-report is insecure, people may not remember exactly when or how much they gained or lost. Other factors may play a role, you lost weight during your relationship, but was it because of the relationship? Maybe you also worked harder, got a disease you don't yet know about, exercise more or something else. All these are factors you have no controll over when using anecdotal evidence.
Nematode! Of course I have fun reading your annoying and long winded posts! ;) :p
I didn't think you found them annoying too :D
Still, to educate yourself for a small thread like this is hardly exciting, nor worth it.
<snip>
I teach university students, you teach graduates, so we both have no idea how to teach someone who did not at least start taking the prerequisites for the topics we are in. We know how to teach students using wording far beyond what we use on here.
Ah, no, you misunderstand what I meant it would take some weeks or a couple of months to learn. I am not talking about topic-specific knowledge here, and not scientific terms. What I mean people should learn in order to be able to evalute science, is merely the most basis concepts such as the difference between controlled trials and anecdotal evidence, what a hypothesis is, and how the scientific method in general works (that are useful in everyday life as well, btw) and how to find information and evaluate it in a general (not topic specific) way. To be very concrete, I'll post a scheme below:
"There are in fact two things, science and opinion; the former begets knowledge, the latter ignorance." - Hippocrates
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Post by C Elegans »

CE:s Crash course in "Reading Science" - 5 credits :D

1. Read a book or a paper about the scientific method. NAS has a good one on the web, a small leaflet written for laymen.

2.Learn how to use Pubmed, which has open abstracts. It's a search database, much like Google or Yahoo. If you can use Google, you can use Pubmed.

3. When you have found some abstracts in topics that interest you, learn how to read abstracts. This is best done by downloading an instruction on how to write scientific reports. Such instructions can be found at many universities' websites, they are meant for undergraduate students so they are not difficult to read.

4. Practise reading abstracts and look for full articles. Try the links in Pubmed and look for some full articles, many journals have samples of free full articles, especially if the research is brand new or quite old. Try to read some full articles.

This should take no more than 1-2 weeks if you spend 1-2 hours a day at it.

5. Now, a very important step: evaluation. First, you must know that scientists publish their results in the form of articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. This is called primary literature, and it is the original data, the original source. Please read [url=
http://www.gamebanshee.com/forums/showt ... literature]this old post[/url] for a brief explanation of what primary literature is (scroll down until you find the highlighted parts "primary literature"). There area about 6000 journals listed in ISI Web of Science (don't mind what that is, it's an international control organ and database). Apart from these, there are thousands of minor journals that are not listed, usually because they have dubious or low quality. In ISI, all journals get an impact factor (IF) which is an index of the quality of the journal. For an explanation of how this works, read my discussion with Boo's daddy in this thread (scroll down to the highlighs of "impact factor", it's quite far down). Now, you have learned that IF is a quality measurement, and in order to assess the quality of a journal, it's important to check the IF. IF does not work absolutely, for instance Nature is the finest of the fine scientific journals, followed by Science, because there are for all sciences. Yet, they have lower IF than for instance Annual Review of Immunology. This is because Nature and Science are published weekly, Ann Rev Imm is obviously edited once a year, and number of articles published is a factor in the equation used to calculate IF, so a journal that is published rarely gets a little too much weight. Also, reviews are more often cited that original findings because of convenience and lack of space, so all review journals get an overestimated IF. A general "rule of thumb" is that IF over 10 means most scientists can only dream about ever making discoveries that important. IF over 5 means absolute top-quality journals in their field. Only about 200 of 6000 journals in all sciences, have IF over 5. IF over 2.5-3 means a top 10% journal. Viewed as good and high quality. When you come down to 1.5 and lower, well, it's crap journals.

6.Now, use your newly found understanding of quality of scientific journals to find some really high quality journals in a field you are interested in. This is for two reasons: it's more interesting to read good science than bad, and it's easier for you to read high quality journals that are edited to be read by many different scientists (for instance all life sciences, all neuroscience, all genetics) rather than a very narrow and technical one aimed only for "chemists working with phosphorylisation in 2nd messager system intracellularly in astrocytes".

7.Final step. Use Pubmed to find some abstracts from high IF journals of your choice. Try the "comments" links in Pubmed, sometimes but not always you will get access to commentary letters that scientists in the same field has written about the article. You can then compare your own thoughts and critisism with what other scientists have thought. Also go the websites of the journals you have choosen, it's easy to find in Google. Apart from using their open material, also download the "instructions to authors/contributers" and "instruction for reviewers". This is usually open to anyone, you may need to create a free log-in though. Read these, since they give good explanations of what is required from scientific work.

Just to get started, here are some links:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tool
http://www.nature.com
http://www.sciencemag.org
http://www.cell.com/
http://www.thelancet.com/
http://content.nejm.org/
http://jama.ama-assn.org/
http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/

Pubmed is first. Nature has an abundence of high quality daugter-journals like Nature Neuroscience, Nature Genetics, Nature Medicine, Nature Materials and they also edit other high quality journals such as Molecular Psychiatry or British Journal of Cancer. Now, just rinse and repeat! If you followed my and Boo's daddy's discussion in the thread where I described IF, you could also use his links to a few totally open web journals.

Apart from postgraduate students, I have actually previously taught undergraduates and people with no academic background at all, to understand science. It's not so difficult or time-consuming if you are motivated, the question is if people are motivated. Some people think it's more fun to sit at home and just have a lot of personal opinions. Some people despise science for its' objective methods and prefer to feel what is right. Some people have an ideology or a religion they want to believe in, and are only interested in science that does not conflict with their belief system. Some people are simply not interested. But if you are interested, the procedure of learning what you need in order to stop being dependent on popular media for information about science, plus some understanding and perhaps even some skill in how to evaluate scientific findings, will take no more than at most a couple of months. Gee, you wouldn't believe what incredibly stupid morons I've taught how to do this in shorter time! :D
"There are in fact two things, science and opinion; the former begets knowledge, the latter ignorance." - Hippocrates
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Post by Lestat »

On scientific publications

On waistlines: my brother and the younger of my two sisters are both married and have slightly expanding waistlines (and my brother was before pencil thin).
My eldest sister is not married and is slim, and me, well, not married and I have a BMI that in a decent refugee camp might get me some supplementary rations in the Supplementary Feeding Centre. So in line with findings...

On the ongoing debate on communication between scientist and laymen.
Though your explaining about the scientific method and publication of scientific studies and such is certainly welcome (and some sort of introduction of this sort should be part of the basic curriculum of any secondary school IMO), I still have a few remarks.
I still think that the effort should come from both parties. Scientific publications generally publish work by scientists for scientists. There is little effort made by scientists to translate the results of their work and how they came by it in laymen's terms. And I feel this is because they are only required to publish in scientific publications destined for a public of scientists.
The greater majority of scientists work with institutions that have limited contact with the general public like research institutions and universities*. So few of them are inclined to make an effort to write for a wider public.
Now if you work for an institute that has as one of its core responsibilities a duty to communicate with a wider public, such as museum, then as a scientist you have an obligation to produce texts which are easier to grasp for laymen (or a non-scientist produces them and the scientists review them for factual errors). Having been a primary victim of my sister** for proofreading of her texts, I know this is not necessarily easy, but it can be done.
Another example of this is in the more applied fields of science, such as engineering, or, to take a case I'm fairly familiar with, feasibility studies for development programs. These can be highly technical & complex in nature, e.g. rehabilitation of the electricity grid of a midsized city. But the expert(s) still have to produce a report for the "client" (in this case the local representative of the EC) that he can understand, even though he has no background in electrical engineering.

What I'm getting at is that there is little or no pressure on research scientist to produce documents, based on their scientific articles, which could see a wider use than just for the fairly limited community of other scientist in the same & related fields. As a scientist you get your brownie points for publication in scientific journals, preferably the reputable ones, not for publication destined for a wider public. The "clients" of scientific publication are in the great majority other scientists. Of course the counterarguments are easy to find. Scientists are scientists and not writers, and all the effort & time that goes into "translating" articles is lost for research.

But still I feel that it is a bit "unjust" to require from the great majority of people to adapt to the way of writing of a relatively small minority. I think that's a teensy weensy bit preposterous. Why would we, the large majority, need to learn to read abstracts, why wouldn't scientists learn to write more accessible abstracts?

Ideally, for me, each scientific article should lead to a brief which would be more readily accessible for a wider, interested public, without stooping to the level of articles that are usually found in the "science" sections of the popular press (though I do believe there is a high variation in quality in reporting on science and some few articles do come close to what I would like to see). Of course, whether this is realistic is another thing.

* I say they have limited contact with the general public because in each scientific field their official "mission" is teaching to a limited number of people who go on in this field (thus in a sense scientists or would be scientists) and research.
** She's head of the Prehistory & Archaeology section of the Central Africa Museum in Tervuren near Brussels, that sounds bigger than it is since she's also the only (and lonely *snif*) member of the permanent Scientific Staff of the section.
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